What varies between states
FHWA's pre-trip planning guidance lists the main differences: whether operators must be certified, what equipment they carry or display, and what insurance is required. Some states also require flagging credentials, TWIC cards or defensive driving courses. And the number of escorts a load needs depends on that state's permit.
Certification
Many states require pilot/escort certification, but not all do. FHWA's operator training material notes that certification lasts roughly three to five years depending on the state, and that not all states accept certification from other states. Even where an out-of-state certificate is accepted, the host state's rules still apply: University of Florida's training FAQ, for instance, says an operator may escort in Florida with another state's qualification but must still follow Florida's requirements.
Reciprocity agreements change, so rely on the state agency, not on a list of unknown age.
Other credentials
A TWIC card is only needed to enter secure areas of maritime ports, and FHWA says operators are not required to have one in general. In many states a steerman on a steerable trailer must hold a Class A commercial driver's license. See what a steer escort is.
Business licensing is separate
Running a pilot car business involves ordinary business registration and licensing that has nothing to do with operator certification. Those rules depend on where the business is based.
Insurance has two sides
The escort vehicle needs appropriate vehicle insurance, and FHWA's checklist includes verifying insurance and registration. Separately, the carrier applying for the permit has its own obligations. In Mississippi, for example, Mississippi DOT's over-dimensional permit rules require permit applicants to provide a valid USDOT number or a certificate of insurance on file with the department of at least $500,000 single-limit liability, with exceptions at the department's discretion. That applies to the permit applicant, not to every escort driver.
TCB Escorts is $1 Million Insured. To request documentation, use Request Insurance & Credentials.
How to check a state's rules
- List every state on the route and get the permit for each.
- Check each state's DOT or permit office. FHWA's overview of oversize/overweight permits is a starting point.
- Confirm whether your escort driver's certification is accepted there.
- Confirm equipment, sign and insurance requirements.
- If anything is unclear, call the permit office and note who you spoke to.
Moving through several states? Send us your route and we will help line up coverage. See also when a pilot car is required and how to hire a pilot car company.